Terms

Authenicator

Additional information appended to a message to enable the receiver to verify that the message should be accepted as authentic. The authenticator may be functionally independent of the content of the message itself (e.g., a nounce or a source identifier) or it may be a function of the message contents (e.g., a hash value or a cryptographic checksum).

Birthday Attack

When short hash codes are used it is not difficult to find two messages that produce the same hash code, but have slightly different meanings - p332-333.